杨凌地区四个欧美鲜食葡萄品种综合性状比较

在陕西杨凌地区对"信农乐"、"巨玫瑰"、"户太八号"和"巨峰"4个欧美鲜食葡萄品种进行了为期1a的综合性状调查研究。所有品种均露地栽培并采用果实套袋技术,调查其物候期、果实经济性状以及抗病性等。结果表明:4个品种的综合性状在杨凌地区表现优良,细节方面存在一定的差异,其中"巨峰"和"户太八号"表现最优,"信农乐"次之,"巨玫瑰"相对较差。     

滑动平均法和分形理论结合的稻瘟病发病特性研究

通过文献分析稻瘟病发生与气象有着密切的关系,利用滑动平均法将云南省凤庆县稻瘟病病情指数分解成趋势及气象波动病情指数,分析结果表明趋势病情指数总体呈下降趋势,而气象波动病情指数具有一定的混沌特性,并利用相空间延拓及G-P算法验证了气象波动具有一定混沌特性。     

新疆十种野生药用植物核型分析

以新疆伊犁新源县的4科10种药用植物为试材,采用植物染色体标本制备的去壁低渗方法,研究了染色体数目并进行了核型分析。结果表明:大麻(Cannabis sativa L.)2n=20=12m+8sm、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)2n=36=26m+8sm+2st、毛牛蒡(Arctium tomentosum Mill.)2n=36=6m+28sm+2st、牛蒡(Arctium lappaL.)2n=36=8m+26sm+2st、千叶蓍(Achillea millefolium L.)2n=36=26m+10sm、牛至(Origanum valgare)2n=30=12m+18sm、菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)2n=18=12m+6sm、新疆鼠尾草(Salvia deserta Schang)2n=14=4m+10sm、草原糙苏(Phomis protensis Kar)2n=22=12m+6sm+4st、乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish)2n=16=6m+10sm,其染色体数目与前人报道一致。千叶蓍(Achillea millefolium L.)、牛至(Origanum valgare)、新疆鼠尾草(Salvia deserta Schang)3种植物为首次报道。     

毛竹笋竹两用林改建大径竹林技术初报

通过3年来对朝北的山坡或山岙地的笋竹两用林林分采取增加竹林密度和选粗壮的竹笋留养新竹的技术培育毛竹大径竹材,结果表明:新竹平均胸径达11.76 cm,比实施前提高了0.93 cm;胸径≥12 cm立竹株数达55.8％,比实施前提高了近18百分点；林分立竹竹材产量比实施前增加34.3％；胸径≥12 cm立竹竹材产量提高了14.8％；每度新竹立竹产值比实施前增加36.6％.     

华中世纪星数控系统车床程序屏蔽的使用方法

在华中世纪星数控车床上用G71粗车复合循环程序加工凸凹件的配合过程中,因凸凹配合件尺寸过大或者过小,需要再加工来满足配合要求,此时若屏蔽G71粗车复合循环程序段,之后加工精加工程序段就能满足配合要求,这样就能减少空运行加工时间,从而大大提高工件加工效率。     

Water and Energy Consumption by Agriculture in the Minqin Oasis Region

Water used in agriculture consumes much energy, mainly due to pumping water for irrigation, but the water-energy nexus is always neglected in arid and semi-arid areas. Based on hydrological observation data, irrigation data and socio- economic data over the past 50 yr, this study has derived a detailed estimate of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural water use in the Minqin Oasis. Results show that the decreasing water supply and increasing demand for agriculture has caused severe water deficits over the past 50 yr in this region. The groundwater energy use rate rose by 76% between 1961 and 2009 because of the serious decline in groundwater levels. An increase in pump lift by an average 1 m would cause GHG emission rates to rise by around 2%. Over the past 10 yr, the GHG emissions from groundwater accounted for 65-88% of the total emissions from agricultural water. GHG emissions for diverted water varied from 0.047 to 0.074 Mt CO 2 e as the water input increased. Long distance conveyance and high pump lifts need more electricity input than groundwater abstraction does. Government policies have had a favorable effect on total emissions by reducing water abstraction. But groundwater depletion, exacerbated by a growing population and an expansion in arable land, remains the principal energy-water nexus challenge in the region. In response to the increasing water-energy crisis, energy-saving irrigation technology, matching to cost efficiencies, and better coordination between different infrastructural agencies could be feasible ways of rendering the water and energy sectors more sustainable over the long term.     

General Nexus Between Water and Electricity Use and Its Implication for Urban Agricultural Sustainability:A Case Study of Shenzhen, South China

Although water and energy resources are well-recognized concerns regarding economic and social development sustainability, little specific research has focused on both water and energy problems at the same time. This study analyzed the water and electricity-use patterns in Shenzhen, South China during 2001-2009. A curve regression method was used to examine the relationship between water and electricity use per gross domestic product (GDP) in Shenzhen and its three sectors, i.e., agriculture, industry & construction, and residential life & services. Results showed that agriculture only covered less than 10% of water and electricity use in Shenzhen, while industry & construction and residential life & services accounted for more than 90% of water and electricity use in Shenzhen, which coincided with the city’s industrial structure. The water and electricity use per GDP in agriculture was the biggest among three sectors in Shenzhen during 2001-2009, which means inefficiency of water and electricity use in agriculture. Due to transitioning to advanced materials and manufacturing, both water and electricity use per GDP in industry & construction decreased during 2001-2009 and their utilization efficiencies gradually increased over time. The same held true for those in residential life & services transformed toward modern business, creative culture, finance services, etc. Derived from the survival of the fittest in competing for limited water and electricity resources, agriculture in Shenzhen has been gradually substituted by industry & construction and residential life & services, with much higher efficiencies of water and electricity use. And traditional agriculture will not be sustainable in the process of urbanization and industrialization, except high-tech intensive agriculture with low water and energy cost. Furthermore, by means of curve regression, we found that there was a significant quadratic relationship between water use per GDP and electricity use per GDP in the entire city and its three sectors. Suitable industrial transformation and advancement was a very effective way to save water and energy for modern cities. This can provide some reference for systematic planning and design of water and electricity allocation and use in agriculture, industry & construction and residential life & services in a city.     

花生壳残渣制备活性炭及吸附性能测定

用提取黄酮后废弃的花生壳做原料,选择不同的活化剂在一定温度下制备活性炭,并且测定其吸附性能。结果表明：磷酸作为活化剂时活性炭产率最高,达39.5%;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂为氢氧化钾或磷酸、活化剂浓度为10%时,碘吸附值最高,为966.7mg/g;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂浓度为10%时,几种活化剂制备出来的活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力均达到40mL/g左右;与几种市售活性炭比较,花生壳活性炭碘吸附值能够满足市场需要,但是亚甲基蓝脱色力偏低;相同条件下,盐作为活化剂所制备出的活性炭对镍离子的吸附能力比较稳定。     

转人血清白蛋白基因奶牛多重PCR快速检测方法的建立

建立转基因奶牛多重PCR快速检测方法,为转基因动物及产品进出境监测技术平台的建立提供技术支持,并为转基因动物及产品检测技术标准的制定提供参考。根据转基因奶牛内源基因β2-微球蛋白基因(β2-microglobulin,B2 M),外源基因人血清白蛋白基因(Human α-lactalbumin,α-LA)及标记基因绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)和新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(NPTII)设计特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立转基因奶牛多重PCR检测方法。该方法敏感、快速、特异,一个反应可以检测多个基因片段,可有效用于转基因奶牛外源基因的检测。     

莆田老鹰尖自然保护区野生食用菌资源调查

首次对莆田老鹰尖自然保护区的野生食用菌资源进行实地调查、收集、鉴定,得出该区有22科、95种野生食用菌资源。